Madison County may refer to the following counties in the United States:

Madison County, Alabama (organized as Madison County, Mississippi Territory)

Madison County, Arkansas

Madison County, Florida

Madison County, Georgia

Madison County, Idaho

Madison County, Illinois

Madison County, Indiana

Madison County, Iowa

Madison County, Kentucky, originally Madison County, Virginia (1785–1792)

Madison County, Mississippi

Madison County, Missouri

Madison County, Montana

Madison County, Nebraska

Madison County, New York

Madison County, North Carolina

Madison County, Ohio

Madison County, Tennessee

Madison County, Texas

Madison County, Virginia (established 1792)