James Island may refer to:

James Island (Gambia), a World Heritage island in the Gambia

James Island (British Columbia), an island in Haro Strait off Sidney, BC near Vancouver Island

James Island (Galápagos), another name for Santiago Island (Galápagos)

James Island (Maryland), an island in Chesapeake Bay

James Island (South Carolina), an island near Charleston, South Carolina

James Island (San Juan Islands), one of the San Juan Islands in Washington

James Island (Washington), near La Push, Washington

James Island (Chile)

James Island (sanctuary), island of India

James Island, a name for Baffin Island used by 18th-century French cartographers