Abu Taleb or Abu Talib may refer to:
Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib (549–619), Arab leader and head of the Banu Hashim clan
Abu Talib al-Makki (died 996), Arab scholar, jurist and mystic
Abu Taleb Rostam (997–1029), Buyid amir of Ray, Iran
Mirza Abu Taleb Khan (1752–1805/6), Indo-Persian administrator famous for his travelogue about Europe
Sufi Abu Taleb (1925–2008), President of Egypt
Fat'hi Abu Taleb (1933–2016), Jordanian army field marshal
Abu Talib (musician) (1939–2009), American blues musician
Yousef Abu-Taleb (born 1980), American actor
Muhammad Jailani Abu Talib (born 1985), Singaporean poet, editor and writer
Md. Abu Talib, Bangladeshi politician