Thomas or Tom Charlton may refer to:

Thomas de Charlton, Archdeacon of Totnes in 1302

Thomas Charlton (bishop) (died 1344), Bishop of Hereford, Lord High Treasurer of England, Lord Privy Seal, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland

Thomas Charlton (MP) for Middlesex (died 1410)

Thomas Charlton (speaker) (1417–1465), Speaker of the House of Commons of England in 1454

Thomas U. P. Charlton (1779–1835), American writer and politician

Thomas Charlton (cricketer) (1815–1886), English cricketer

Tommy Charlton, English footballer (born circa 1887)

Thomas Malcolm Charlton (1923–1997), British civil engineer and historian

Thomas Charlton (rower) (Thomas Jackson Charlton, born 1934), American Olympic rower

Thomas Jackson Charlton (physician) (1833–1886), American physician

Thomas F. Charlton, representative elect for the Vermont House of Representatives