Robert Vance may refer to:
Robert Vance (cricketer) (born 1955), New Zealand cricketer
Robert B. Vance (1828–1899), U.S. representative from North Carolina, nephew of Robert Brank Vance
Robert Brank Vance (1793–1827), U.S. representative from North Carolina, uncle of Robert B. Vance
Robert J. Vance (1854–1902), U.S. representative from Connecticut
Robert Smith Vance (1931–1989), U.S. Court of Appeals judge
Robert C. Vance (1894–1959), Connecticut newspaper publisher and philanthropist