Robert Vance may refer to:

Robert Vance (cricketer) (born 1955), New Zealand cricketer

Robert B. Vance (1828–1899), U.S. representative from North Carolina, nephew of Robert Brank Vance

Robert Brank Vance (1793–1827), U.S. representative from North Carolina, uncle of Robert B. Vance

Robert J. Vance (1854–1902), U.S. representative from Connecticut

Robert Smith Vance (1931–1989), U.S. Court of Appeals judge

Robert C. Vance (1894–1959), Connecticut newspaper publisher and philanthropist